Author: corinnemasur2331

Today, As We Think About the Victims of the Massive Bombing Campaign in Ukraine, a Post on War and Children

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Because of the news of a massive bombing campaign including the bombing of a Ukrainian Hospital today, I would like to post on war on children.

This is an excerpt from my book, How Children Grieve: What Adults Miss and What They Can Do to Help:

One psychiatrist said of both the children and the adults in the Ukraine, “(They) aren’t just grieving a person; (they) are grieving (their) entire existence.”[i]

And, as the United Nation International Children’s Fund (UNICEF) says:

            “In war, children suffer the most”.

As I write, children are dying and losing loved ones every single day in multiple locations around the world, including Ukraine, Gaza, Israel, Russia, Sudan, Somalia, Libya, Myanmar, Yemen, Congo and numerous other countries. These children are suffering in ways that are quite simply horrific and completely incompatible with normal development.

In fact, globally, one in four children, or over 400 million children live in a country affected by armed conflict, terrorism, or disaster.[ii] And armed conflict can last throughout a child’s entire life, such as in Liberia where civil war caused widespread trauma from 1989 to 2004.[iii]

The effects of war are innumerable. They extend far beyond the trauma that is experienced by the loss of loved ones and the witnessing and being the victim of violence. In wartime, children, teens and adults may all experience a brutal shattering of parts of their inner worlds. Their minds may become black holes of horror and despair and their mental functioning can be intruded upon and assaulted by destructive forces. [iv]

Moreover, they experience all the secondary losses of war including the loss of home and community due to fighting and bombardment. They include all the losses embedded in the experiences of evacuation and immigration including the loss of contact with friends, and the division of families. They include all the difficulties associated with adapting to one or more new living arrangements. And they include the loss of food security, the loss of the provision of proper public health measures and the loss of general health care including mental health care.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) estimated that approximately 20 million children and adolescents have been displaced from their country of origin as refugees in the year 2023.[v]

And we must remember that the numbers of children living through war and experiencing displacement are even larger than this because there are many kinds of war—including not only armed conflicts between nations – but also drug wars, gang wars, and more localized street fighting caused by conditions of poverty and social inequality – and these too cause people to suffer and to flee.

In the Ukraine alone, as of March 2022, half of all Ukrainian refugees were children.[vi] And this number does not even include all of the children who have been kidnapped and forced to adapt to life in Russia.  Again, this is a LOT of children who have lost their homes, friends, neighborhoods, schools and so much more.

The past two decades have marked increasing interest in the psychological impact of war on children. Many researchers have studied this subject, it is well documented that exposure to adverse childhood events (including violence and war trauma) leads to a higher-than-average incidence of acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and physiological and mental illness).

The most important thing we know about the effect of war on children is that even above and beyond the exposure to risk and violence, the most traumatizing event for children is the threat of separation from one or both parents or actual separation from them. Given the intense attachment of children to their parents, this is the worst consequence of war for children and leads to the most suffering. [vii]

We also know that the most common mental health effects of exposure to war for children are elevated symptoms traumatic stress, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

There is so much more to say about the effect of war on children. See this site for more in the coming weeks.

[i] Fleming, LaKeisha, How the War in the Ukraine is Affecting the Mental Health of Survivors.

https://www.verywellmind.com/ukrainian-mental-health-during-the-war-5225389

[ii] Gudrun Østby, Siri Aas Rustad, and Andreas Forø Tollefsen, “Children Affected by Armed Conflict, 1990–2019,” Conflict Trends 6.

[iii] Betancourt. T. S., et al., “The Intergenerational Impact of War on Mental Health and Psychosocial Wellbeing: Lessons from the Longitudinal Study of War-Affected Youth in Sierra Leone,” Conflict and Health 14, no. 62 (2020), https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-020-00308-7.

[iv] Roth, Merav, Ten simple guidelines on initial therapeutic intervention with acute trauma following October 7, 2023. In Psychoanalysis in a Holy Land, Abramovitch, Cusin, Leo, Roth, Alaltiello and Volkan. Pgs. 135 – 162. Frenis Zero Press: Italy.

[v][v]

[vi] United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Two Million

Refugee Children Flee War in Ukraine in Search of Safety

Across Borders. UNICEF. Available from: https://www.unicef.

org/press‐releases/two‐million-refugee-children-flee‐war‐ukraine‐

search‐safety‐across‐borders.

[vii] Masten AS, Best KM, Garmezy N (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Dev Psychopathol 2: 425–444.

Bumbum Cream for YOUR Kids???

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Recently I became aware that children, tweens and teens are buying beauty products….like firming creams for their skin.

Teens?

Doesn’t surprise me.

But children and tweens?

Mystifying!

Are your kids asking for $48 a tub face or body cream?

And if so, what do you do?

In a New York Times article published recently, a 15 year old was quoted as saying, “All of my friends have it”.

Do they really think their bums need firming?

Why do they think they need something which advertises itself as “visibly smoothing and tightening the appearance of your skin”?

These kids have the tightest, most beautiful skin of anyone on the planet!

This is concerning to me.

I really do think that if your child is asking for this, you might want to open a discussion of why they want it. And if the answer is, “because all my friends have it”, you might want to ask why they think their friends all want it.

This brings up the topic of body image and the importance of external appearances. It can open the question of why our children think these things are important (if they do) and how they feel about their own bodies and appearances. Do they have worries about how their skin looks? Or do they have worries about other parts of their bodies?

It can also bring up the topic of aging. Are kids, even young kids, worried about getting older and what they will look like as they do?

These things are not easy to talk about. Your children may resist. They may say, “just forget it” and then save up their own money to buy the cream.

But these topics are important, as we all know.

And what’s more, this may be an opportunity to talk about money and what is worth spending money on and what is not.

We can also talk about advertising and how companies take advantage of people’s worries to get them to buy more products.

And THIS may lead to a discussion of values – what you value, what you want your child to value and what your child thinks about values.

On the other hand, you may just feel like one of the parents quoted in the New York Times article who said, “It’s not that serious, they’re just trying to have fun.”

For more see: https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/16/style/sol-de-janeiro-brazilian-bum-bum.html

My new book on grief in childhood is coming out!

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In an act of shameless self-promotion, I would like to announce the publication of my new book on grief in childhood.  It is written for the general public and I hope you will share it with your friends, family, acquaintances, etc. – and also, if you like it, do not hesitate to write a review on Amazon!

Thank you so much!!

https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/738355/how-children-grieve-by-corinne-masur

The Importance of Pets

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Dr. Corinne Masur

We all want love and gratification from those who care for us – and this is particularly true of children.

But from their earliest moments of life, babies and kids must learn to put up with delays in getting what they want, mood changes in those they love and all sorts of other disappointments in relationships with parents, siblings, and friends.

But not so much with pets.

Pets provide a unique opportunity for a child to love and be loved.

Pet give love unconditionally. And if they don’t, because they are a lizard or a frog, the child can imagine that they do. And pets are there all the time. They are there if the child is sad, or angry or if the child fees lonely or misunderstood. The child can talk to the pet, cry with the pet, yell at the pet or even give the pet a little shove. According to some children, pets are better than siblings.

With pets, the child has more control over the relationship. This can be comforting because of the implicit guarantee of stability. A pet does not turn a cold shoulder (well, on second thought, maybe some cats DO…) nor does it choose to leave the relationship. A pet does not criticize (or if so, rarely). It stays at home, with the child and it does whatever it does at the bidding of the child (at least some of the time).

In moments of hardship and sorrow, children sometimes feel that their pet understands their feelings. They often feel that their pet is the only one who truly understands and is “there” for them. There is a large element of projection here, but none-the-less, the feeling for the child is real.

And pets teach kids about love. Kids learn what it is to feel deeply for someone who is not a parent or a brother or sister. They learn about what kind of care another creature needs (even if they don’t always do what needs to be done).

But there’s more: researchers who studied the subject found that the mere presence of a family pet during childhood can increase emotional expression and control in children,[1] and other research shows that even brief interactions with dogs can lower stress levels in children.[2]. Moreover, studies have found that attachment to pets can promote healthy social development, social competence, increased social interaction, improved social communication, and social play in children[3]

And also, kids learn about loss from their pets.

Most animals live much shorter lives than we do – and inevitably, during the child’s life, the life of their pet comes to an end. Children may be shocked when this happens; they may be sad or angry or upset in any of a number of ways. But this kind of loss can be useful preparation for later, more profound losses.

Recently, The New York Times published a story called, “Walnut and Me”, a first person account of the relationship between a man and his dog. It was very personal and completely heartfelt. In describing his first dog, Sam Anderson, the author of the article said, “I loved him so deeply that I became a vegetarian – my affection for this little dog radiated out to the whole rest of the animal kingdom”. But then, he says, that love turned to pain. At 12, his beloved dog got cancer, wasted away and died. The first night in bed without him, Sam reached out – and broke down sobbing when he did not feel him there. Anderson was also angry. He wrote, “I wanted to burn down the universe. I either wanted Moby back…or I wanted nothing”.

And Anderson also talks about the importance of the next animals the family had, a hamster and another dog, to his teenage daughter. He even includes his daughter’s graduation picture in the article – in which she wears her cap and gown and is holding their dog, who is looking up at her adoringly.

The kind of love a pet can provide is a rare commodity. It is valuable. It is painful when it ends – but it is comforting and healing while it lasts. And it is important.

So – when you get tired of walking the dog – or feeding the iguana – remember, you are doing a good thing for your children by letting them have that pet.

References

1. Sato, R., Fujiwara, T., Kino, S., Nawa, N., & Kawachi, I. (2019). Pet Ownership and Children’s Emotional Expression: Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Longitudinal Data from Japan. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(5), 758.

2. Crossman, M. K., Kazdin, A. E., & Knudson, K. (2015). Brief unstructured interaction with a dog reduces distress. Anthrozoös, 28(4), 649-659.

3. Purewal, R., Christley, R., Kordas, K., Joinson, C., Meints, K., Gee, N., & Westgarth, C. (2017). Companion animals and child/adolescent development: a systematic review of the evidence. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(3), 234.

Anderson, Sam. Walnut and Me: How my dog helped me to accept that someday we all will die. New York Times Magazine Section, June 2, 2024.

Are You or Your Child Confusing Hate with Anger?

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Recently a mother told me that her son hates her.  

She is going through a divorce and her six year old son has been yelling at her and even trying to kick and hit her on occasion.

We needed to talk about this.

I have known this mother ever since her son was born and I know quite a lot about her mothering.

She is a good mother. And I am sure that her son does not hate her. I know that (most of the time) he loves her and depends on her and looks forward to coming back to her after time spent with his Dad.

But I also know he is very confused and angry about the divorce.

And I also know that his Dad is harder to be angry with because he is very strict.

It is easy for kids and teens to confuse anger and hatred.

When a child or teenager is extremely angry, they yell and scream and they may even say the dreaded words, “I HATE YOU!!”.

And while they may actually feel that they hate you in that moment, it is likely that they are expressing how angry they are – and not an enduring feeling about you.

The same thing can happen when we are angry – especially with someone we are in a very close relationship with, like a partner or a sibling or a parent. We may feel that we truly hate them.

Anger can be that powerful. 

But that is the difference between anger and hatred. Our children – and we ourselves – become angry with someone when they hurt us or do something that we dislike or have asked them not to do. It is a temporary emotional response. 

We hate someone because of who they ARE – because they have enduring characteristics that we just cannot tolerate and which violate our own values or morals or which hurt us or others repeatedly. 

But why is this distinction an important one to make?

For a couple of reasons:

First of all, let’s go back to the mother I referred to at the beginning. It is extremely important for her wellbeing that she understand that her son really does not hate her. If she believes that he does, her feelings about herself as a mother will be altered in such a destructive way. She will feel terrible about herself and about her relationship with her son.

Second of all, some researchers believe that when we define our feelings toward another as hatred, we are more likely to act in a hateful way. In an important study on this topic, Fisher et al pointed out that hatred is usually based on a belief that the person who is hated is always deserving of hate. Hating someone is based on the idea that the hateful things about them are stable and always present. As they say, “there is little room for constructive change”, this is just the way the person IS. ,”And therefore (the only) options left (are) to act upon one’s hate”. 

So – do we allow our children to act on their hateful feelings? Do we allow the child who “hates” us to leave the house to go stay with a friend? Do we ourselves break up a friendship because we feel this strongly about our friend?

We are living in a time of escalating division. We need to educate our children – and ourselves – in regard to the difference between anger and hatred – so that neither they nor we have to act on our angry feelings, so that we can open up the possibility that when we think we hate someone, we can actually allow ourselves to calm down and consider the possibility that we were just angry with them – and they do not deserve our hatred.

This is an important distinction for our children to learn. When they say that they hate us – it does not feel good to them – and afterwards they are likely to feel quite guilty.

We can teach them about the differences between anger and hatred – and we can also remember them ourselves so that the next time our child says they hate us, we do not feel quite so devastated.

But how do we help our children to make this distinction and how do we make it ourselves?

These same researchers I mentioned above concluded that “trying to explain the hated target’s actions in terms of circumstances rather than nature (is) a first step” in de-escalating one’s hating feelings. 

In other words, if we can believe that the way the other person acted had to do with particular circumstances rather than because that is just how they are, we can begin to understand that we do not hate them – we are angry with how they acted. 

So – when we argue with our partner – or when our child shouts at us that she hates us, after everyone calms down, the question is, can the person who felt hatred ask themselves whether the other person is really deserving of hate?

It is critical that we try to disentangle these two emotions – when we take in what our children are giving out, when we interpret our own emotions, and when we evaluate what is happening in our neighborhoods, our country and our world.

Friendships, partnerships, the parent-child relationship and the relationships between groups of people can all be fraught at certain moments of conflict. But generally, these relationships can survive anger.

We need to show our children – and remember this ourselves – that we can survive their anger – and still love them.

In fact, it would be odd if there was not some anger involved now and then in our relationship with them. 

But labeling these feelings as hatred makes the stakes much more dramatic.

We can try to help our children to understand that when they are upset with someone they may be tempted to use the words, “I hate you!” when what they really feel is anger….and we can try to remember this for ourselves as well.

References

Fisher et al. (2018). Why we hate. Emotion Review Vol. 10, No. 4 (October 2018) 309–320 

“Yes, Your Kid”

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Debby Herbenick is a researcher of sexual behavior and is the director of the Center for Sexual Health Promotion at Indiana University. Her book Yes, Your Kid explores the growing trend amongst sexually active teenagers of engaging in choking, or sexual strangulation.

This is an important read for those of you who are parents of adolescents – although you may not want to read it.

And it is important for adolescents themselves, although it is not likely that many of them will read it either.

Herbenick calls the information “lifesaving.”

She wants kids, and parents to know that sexual strangulation is dangerous, even life threatening.

Evidently, many kids think their partners expect to be choked during sex.

But why?

The depiction of sexual strangulation in porn may have led some kids to try it. After all, all kids have access to porn at this point, and most have watched some.

And those same teens may have thought that choking is part of a normal sexual experience.

In fact, the rise of the use of sexual strangulation amongst older teens and college age kids has been meteoric. According to Herbenick, the number of teen girls between the ages of 12 and 17 who say that a partner has choked them during sex has risen to forty per cent. Two decades ago, sexual asphyxiation was unusual amongst any demographic, let alone young people.

The problem is that sexual strangulation can lead to unintentional unconsciousness or even death.

And some researchers, including Keisuke Kawata, a neuroscientist at Indiana University, thinks that each non-lethal episode can cause damage to the brain, similar to the ways that CTE‘s experienced by football players do.

It’s time to approach this issue with our teens.

It may be hard – but it is crucial.

Once your child is around 14, you can have a discussion about consent and its importance. And during that discussion, you can bring up the fact that lots of kids watch porn – but that not everything that happens in porn should happen in real life – just like the fact that not everything that happens in movies (chase scenes, shootings, dystopian disasters, etc.) should happen in reality.

You can talk with your kids about what they think their partners might want or expect and where these ideas come from.

This can lead to talking about how some things shown in porn are actually dangerous – and how porn does not show you that part.

Again, this is hard to talk about – but the time to start is now.

References

Yes, Your Kid, What parents need to know about today’s teens and sex, Debby Herbenick et al.

Peggy Orenstein, New York Times, The Teen Trend of Sexual Choking (4/12/2024)

Can Children Grow From Loss?

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In our 4 part series on loss, I talked about the little losses of everyday life, how children understand death, how to introduce the topic of death to children and what a child may feel when they lose a loved one. But something I did not talk about is the fact that, as hard as losing a loved one is for a child, they can also grow as a result of the experience.

This may come as a surprise.

But many people, including children and teens, not only manage to survive difficult losses, but they also grow as the result of their experience with loss.

Scientists who study trauma and loss have found that there can be a variety of positive psychological changes for some people following challenging life experiences.

Lawrence Calhoun and Richard Tedeschi called this “posttraumatic growth.” They mentioned the following positive changes as being prominent for many people:

·    Greater appreciation of life

·    Greater appreciation and strengthening of close relationships

·    Increased compassion and altruism

·    The identification of new possibilities or a purpose in life

·    Greater awareness and utilization of personal strengths

·    Enhanced spiritual development

·    Creative growth

And, as it turns out, one crucial factor that allows people to turn a difficult event into one that promotes growth is the extent to which they explore their thoughts and feelings around that event.

Many people prefer “to look on the bright side” and to not focus on the difficult things that happen to them. In fact, one young woman who sees me in therapy told me that when she hurt herself as a child, her mother used to say, “pretend that didn’t happen”.

However, Calhoun and Tedeschi found that the ability to acknowledge that the event has happened and to think about and process the painful feelings associated with the event are what allow some people to grow from their difficult experiences.[i]

Two other researchers, Todd Kashdan and Jennifer Kane, also studied this subject. Using a group of college students, they looked at how much people tend to avoid difficult and painful thoughts and feelings versus how much they are willing to allow them. In their study, the most frequently reported traumas amongst their subjects included the sudden death of a loved one, motor vehicle accidents, witnessing violence in the home, and natural disasters.

Kashdan and Kane found that the greater the distress the person experienced, the greater the posttraumatic growth that resulted from it—but only in those people who did not avoid their feelings, or who did so infrequently.

 These findings support the benefits of encouraging children to experience and talk about their feelings following loss. It also supports the importance of having children and teens who are having difficulty experiencing or expressing their feelings get involved in some form of expressive psychotherapy, whether that be individual, group, or family therapy.

Another researcher, Jessica Koblenz specifically studied children who had lost a parent to find out what helps and what hinders them in their grief process. And she also found that there is growth from loss. One child in her study said they had a heightened sense of life and didn’t want to waste time or have regrets. Another said he had become more independent. Some mentioned that they learned to seek help from those who were able to provide it. Some found that exercise was a good method for coping with painful feelings, and others found humor helpful.

Teigan, a young woman I met through Winston’s Wish, told me that what happened to her after she lost her mother shaped what she wanted to do with her life. She described how one of her teachers at school called her every week after her mother died and provided her with much needed attention, support, and guidance. This teacher was an inspiration for Teigan, and she decided to become a grief counselor for children and teens so that she could help other students, just as her teacher had helped her. In the meantime, she was training to lead grief groups just like the one she had participated in herself.

For years, Calhoun and Tedeschi, studied the positive effects of trauma—including loss. They also found that some individuals who had suffered significant trauma experienced positive changes. These changes include improved relationships, new possibilities for life, a greater appreciation for life, a greater sense of personal strength, and increased spiritual development.

They also found some interesting contradictions. People they interviewed said things like “I am more vulnerable, yet stronger.” Individuals who experienced traumatic events tended to talk about their increased sense of vulnerability; however, these same people also reported an increased sense of their own capacities to survive and prevail.

Another experience often reported by trauma survivors was a need to talk with other people about the traumatic events, which tended to deepen some of their personal relationships. Some also found themselves becoming more comfortable with intimacy and having a greater sense of compassion for others who experienced life difficulties.[i]

In my clinical practice, a teenager whose father had died at the beginning of Covid said to me, “My dad’s death gave me a different perspective. I used to think that if a friendship ended or someone died, all the time you put into that relationship was wasted. Now I think that it was valuable. I would rather have had my dad for the time I had him rather than some other dad who was around longer.”

This young woman gained a new perspective and came to a new appreciation of the relationships in her life. She came to understand the importance of the person that her father was despite her lifelong frustration with having had an older dad. And she also recognized that relationships are important in their own right, even if they end prematurely.

Calhoun and Tedeschi also found that some people who faced trauma were more likely to become engaged with fundamental existential questions about death and the purpose of life. A commonly reported change was for the individual to value the smaller things in life more and to also consider the religious, spiritual, and existential components of life. A common theme for many people in this study was that after a traumatic event, philosophies of life can became more fully developed, satisfying, and meaningful.[ii]

Researchers such as Calhoun and Tedeschi have found that growth can occur not despite adversity but because of it.

It is true that they looked predominantly at adults, but interestingly, very similar findings have been found in research on bereaved children.

In a study of what helps and hinders children and adolescents who lose a parent, Jessica Koblenz found multiple areas of growth in many of the children she interviewed.[iii]

Seventy-three percent of the participants in her study felt that navigating and understanding death at an early age made them grow up faster.

And it is interesting to think about whether “growing up faster” is a form of growth or a toll that is paid by children who have experienced early loss. I suspect that some children might consider it a form or growth, some might feel it was a toll they paid, and some might feel that it is both. 

Some children in Koblenz’s study said they responded to loss by embracing life. One said, “I have a heightened sense of life, not wasting time, and not having regrets.” According to some grief theorists, this renewed sense of life is an adaptive form of meaning-making following loss.[iv]

Many of the children Koblenz interviewed said that support helped them to get through their loss. This finding is important because traditional psychological and psychiatric views of bereavement have minimized the role of relationships and support from others in coping with loss. However, more recently, evidence has shown that relational support plays a crucial role in a child’s ability to cope after a loss and may actually improve and intensify some existing relationships.

Interestingly, participants in Koblenz’s study stated that their most helpful source of support were other mourning children who could relate with their exact position.

Koblenz also found that becoming self-reliant was a coping strategy that some of the participants in her study utilized. In her study, kids said that they began to rely more on themselves once they decided that they could no longer depend on others. For some, it was easier to express they “were strong” and “could handle it alone” than to acknowledge their loneliness.[v]

Koblenz says that the sentiment of “needing to be strong” was expressed by many participants and reflected their inability to convey vulnerability. As one participant said of her childhood loss, “Everyone always said, ‘You’re so strong.’ No one ever said, ‘It’s okay if you’re not.’” From this Koblenz concluded that applauding children’s ability to handle their grief alone may make it difficult for them to feel they can be completely open and show their vulnerable selves. But some participants were able to find a balance of healthy independence while still reaching out to others in times when they needed help.[vi]

[i] Lawrence G. Calhoun and Richard G. Tedeschi, “The Foundations of Posttraumatic Growth: An Expanded Framework,” in Handbook of Posttraumatic Growth: Research and Practice, ed. Calhoun and Tedeschi (New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2006), 3–23.

[ii] Richard G. Tedeschi and Lawrence G. Calhoun, “Posttraumatic Growth: A New Perspective on Psychotraumatology,” Psychiatric Times 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2004).

[iii] Jessica Koblenz, “Growing from Grief: Qualitative Experiences of Parental Loss,” Omega 73, no. 3 (March 2015): 203–230.

How to Talk to Children About the Situation in Gaza and Israel – Part II

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Just after October 7 we posted on how to talk with children about what was happening in Israel and Gaza.

Since then the situation has changed considerably and children will be curious about what is going on: Why do people have such different opinions? Why are students protesting on college campuses? Why are people arguing? What is really happening in Gaza and in Israel? And why?

These are difficult questions to answer.

People ARE arguing; people ARE divided; people ARE suffering; people ARE starving.

How do we explain all of this to children?

Well, if you’ve been reading this blog long enough, you know that I always advise starting with the truth – and providing it at a level that is in keeping with your child’s age and stage of development.

No matter how you feel about the situation in Gaza and Israel, you can talk about what is going on. You can provide your children with a little history and you can try to explain why people have such strong feelings right now.

You may feel that you would like to protect your children from events in the world like these which are troubling or painful. 

But if you do not talk about these events with them at home, they will hear about them elsewhere – whether at school, online, or from their neighborhood friends. And without your guidance, they will be left alone to wonder about what is going on, or they will rely on sources which may be less reliable than you are.

Here are my suggestions:

1. Bring up the topic with your children – no matter how old they are. Ask them what they’ve heard about it.

2. Show them on a map where Israel and Gaza are if they don’t already know.

3. Give your children a little history about what has happened in this area of the world over time, and how many people have wanted this small piece of land.

4. Tell the truth about what is happening now. Talk about what is actually happening in Gaza and Israel right now.

Be factual.

4. Explain that people have very strong feelings about what is happening based on their views. Tell them that many people are taking sides.

5. But avoid dichotomous thinking yourself.

Try not to put the issues in terms of right and wrong or good and bad. Let your children know that people in Gaza are suffering AND people in Israel are suffering.

Tell them that students on college campuses are demonstrating as a way of expressing their opinions.

Tell them about your own experience. Have you had strong feelings? Have you had differences of opinions with friends? Have you found that it is difficult to talk with others about this situation and that conversations that started out calmly have turned into arguments? Let your children know that it is sometimes difficult to remember to be respectful of the other person’s feelings when you have strong feelings about something you are talking about – but that it is important to try.

6. Be curious about your children’s point of view. Ask them what they think.

7. Talk to your children about what solutions they have for the situation. What would they do if they had the power to change the situation in Gaza and Israel?  What are some ways they can think of to talk about the situation without getting into arguments? And what are some things they can do if they do get into an argument with someone to de-escalate the situation?

This is a difficult and painful time. Many of us feel quite helpless.

And research has shown that one of the hardest things for children as well as adults is just this – to feel helpless.

Something that can help with this feeling is taking action in a productive way. Perhaps you can ask your children if they would like to contribute money to a charity which will aid people in Gaza or Israel – or both. Let them earn money by doing some jobs around the house or garden. And then let them sit with you as you make the contribution with their money.

Or ask them if they would like to learn more about what is going on – or the historical roots of what is going on – and then help them do some research.

We need to do the difficult thing and talk with our children about all of this.

If we have any hope for future generations, it’s time to start talking with children about how people can disagree, how people can be angry, how people can want to retaliate against one another, and ALSO how people can try to be respectful of each other’s opinions, and how people can wait to talk about things until they are not so angry. We can talk about how differences – even differences between nations and peoples – can be worked out through negotiations rather than war. We can explain to our children that everyone suffers when there is conflict and war – and that we need to learn other ways to resolve our difficulties with one another.

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For more help on how to talk to children about this and other scary subjects, check out Dr. Abigail Gerwitz’s book, When the World Feels Like a Scary Place: Essential Conversations for Anxious Parents and Worried Kids –

Resilience

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George Bonanno, one of the leading researchers on resilience, defines resilience as the ability to maintain relatively stable and healthy levels of psychological and physical functioning in the face of adversity. He says that resilient individuals may still be upset and disturbed by a loss or a very difficult event but that their upset is short lived and that after a few days or weeks they are able to go back to functioning in their usual way.

And he states that this is not as rare as we once thought.

He says, “many people are exposed to loss or potentially traumatic events at some point in their lives, and yet they continue to have positive emotional experiences and show only minor and transient disruptions in their ability to function. 

Unfortunately, because much of psychology’s knowledge about how people cope with loss or trauma has come from people who sought treatment, theorists have often viewed resilience as either rare or pathological.

Bonanno says that among adults, only 10 – 15% of bereaved individuals experience chronic distress or prolonged grief after a loss. This is a much lower number than we might expect!

He talks about some people as “hardy”, that is, they are able to withstand difficult events and move on. 

While he has mainly studied adults, perhaps we can also think about this in terms of teens and children. 

Bonanno says that people who seem to be hardy are usually committed to finding meaningful purpose in life, they possess the belief that one can influence one’s surroundings and the outcome of events and also the belief that one can learn and grow from both positive and negative events in life. He also says that people who are hardy are likely to be more confident and able to use active coping strategies as well as social support from the people around them.

Another attribute which has been found amongst people who prove to be resilient is the trait of self enhancement. Interestingly, people who think well of themselves, and perhaps even exaggerate their positive attributes, often do better under difficult circumstances. This  has been found to be particularly true following severe loss.

Research has been done on people who were near the World Trade Center on 9/11 in New York City as well as on Bosnian civilians who lived in Sarajevo after the Balkan civil war. In both cases, people who were high on the self enhancement scale were rated by mental health professionals as being better adjusted than those who were not as likely to engage in self enhancement. 

People who are full of themselves, people who are what some of us might consider over confident may sometimes be annoying to be around – but it turns out that this trait can have benefits when it comes to weathering adversity!

 Other researchers have found that certain pre-existing characteristics help people to weather adversity. For example, one study done during the pandemic found that people who have a sense of being able to affect others and their environment (called self-efficacy) are more likely to return to normal functioning after a significant loss. The team summarized the findings of their study saying that a high degree of self-efficacy served as a protective factor against depression and grief among the bereaved individuals who lost their loved ones due to Covid.[i]

In his review of the professional literature on this subject, another researcher found that individuals who were characterized as having what is called openness, who have a tendency to accept new experiences, who feel less nervous through disappointments, and who believe in themselves, also fare far better following loss. 

Similarly, individuals who are agreeable, those with conscientiousness traits, those who exercise their abilities and recognize their limitations, and those who set realistic goals all tend to have increased ability to persevere and persist in challenging situations.

In an interesting study on children and teens, it was found that those who have a tendency to ruminate and reflect on their experiences are both negatively and positively affected by this tendency when they are faced with an adverse event. As it turns out, while rumination on negative events can lead to depression, it can also facilitate processing, integration and making meaning out of the negative things that happen to us.

 And one last way that people who seem to be resilient are observed to cope with adversity is through the use of positive emotion and laughter. Often the use of positive emotions after loss and other difficult experiences has been seen as a sign of an unhealthy level of denial. However, in recent years, research has shown that positive emotions can reduce levels of distress following difficult events and it is thought that their use need not necessarily be seen as unhealthy. 

It seems that those cultures which have a tradition of telling jokes and funny stories about the deceased at a wake or funeral were on to something important years before the social scientists!

So loss and exposure to difficult events may be very painful, they may be difficult and recovery may be lengthy – but there ARE ways to cope, and many, in fact most people are resilient in the face of loss and adverse events.

References:

Bonanno, George.  Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? The American Psychologist, Jan. 2004. P. 20.

Bonanno, George. The Other Side of Sadness.

Lawrence G. Calhoun and Richard G. Tedeschi, Handbook of Posttraumatic Growth: Research and Practice (London: Routledge, 2014).

Todd B. Kashdan and Jennifer Q. Kane, “Post-Traumatic Distress and the Presence of Post-Traumatic Growth and Meaning in Life: Experiential Avoidance as a Moderator,” Personality and Individual Differences 50, no. 1 (January 2011): 84–89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.028.

Jessica Koblenz, “Growing from Grief: Qualitative Experiences of Parental Loss,” Omega 73, no. 3 (2016): 203–230.

Twenty-Seven Thank Yous

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Tejal Misra

“Be a room parent!” my son said. “I’ll get to see you, Mommy!” 

With a nerf gun to my head, I took on the responsibility. 

I figured this would help me keep an ear to the ground as they say. First of all, I could learn which of the teachers wanted to cut and run mid-year and I could support them every way I could. Second, I could spy on my son and see exactly how he was behaving at school!

But what did this job entail? 

I had no idea.

As it turns out, it entailed countless meetings that could have been emails. And also having to send out countless emails that could have been skipped altogether.

Additionally, I had to attend all the grade level events.

And don’t get me wrong, seeing my son at his school interacting with his peers has been amazing.

But since August (when the school year started) I’ve had to chaperone several field trips. On one they gave me five kids to keep track of, and two of them had the same name. Why would they do that, you ask? Well why not? At least, I had one less name to memorize. 

Afterwards, I took the extra step of texting all the parents pictures of their children on the field trip. 

And throughout my time as room parent I’ve  gotten to know the other students in my son’s  class, met some parents, and regularly shown my support for the teachers. I’ve also volunteered at lunch a number of times. 

Long before I became a parent I dreamed of participating in my future children’s school. And this fulfilled that dream. And, as a result of my involvement, my face has become more familiar around the school. The children and staff know me. An added bonus has been being able to infuse a little diversity into the mostly homogenous place we send our son to school. 

Then, finally, the school year was three quarters over and the annual field day was upon us. Of course, room parents were required to be there. But I didn’t plan ahead and couldn’t make it. However, I was able to cajole my husband into going in my place. 

For context, let me just say it was February and my son had been in this class since August and this would be the FIRST time my husband would be in our son’s classroom. 

But back to field day – my husband went, he took on the role of getting the students from activity to activity, something he is far better at than I would have been. And in each of their events he encouraged the kids and assisted the teachers. When the two hour stint was over he and I met for a nice lunch. 

That afternoon our son excitedly came home from school. His backpack was strangely full. And when I looked inside, what did I find?  Not one but twenty-seven HANDWRITTEN NOTES, LETTERS AND PICTURES from his classmates. Each and every one thanking my husband for volunteering. 

You would have thought he had given each child a pony. 

I am willing to wager that despite my having been in that classroom or on those field trips or at lunch at least eight times this year, most of the students in the class don’t know my name. 

But in each and every letter, my husband is addressed as “Dr. Misra”. He isn’t referred to as my son’s “dad” or as “Mr. Amit” – but “Doctor”. And the funny part is that my husband likes to tell people he’s a “water meter reader” instead of a physician…but we couldn’t expect our son to keep up the same pretenses. 

And one of the handwritten notes included animation!! 

All had ten dollar vocabulary words like “encouragement” and “persevere.” 

Meanwhile, as of today?

 I haven’t received so much as a thank you post-it. 

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Tejal Misra resides in Arizona with her family. She has recently authored and published a children’s book that offers a unique perspective on the festival of Diwali through the eyes of Sita. If you’re  interested in acquiring a copy of the book, see the link below:

https://www.amazon.com/s?k=Tejal+Misra&i=stripbooks&crid=TSQIVZ31KCRH&sprefix=tejal+misra%2Cstripbooks%2C87&ref=nb_sb_noss_2